Women's pearl earrings are typically made using a combination of materials, with pearls being the central focus. Here are the primary materials often used in the construction of women's pearl earrings:

1. Pearls: Pearls are the most significant component of pearl earrings. These can be either natural or cultured pearls. Natural pearls are rare and formed without human intervention, while cultured pearls are intentionally cultivated by inserting irritants into oysters or mussels.

2. Metal Settings: The metal setting, often made of materials like gold (yellow, white, or rose), silver, platinum, or various alloys, holds the pearls and other embellishments in place. The choice of metal can significantly impact the overall style and durability of the earrings.

3. Gemstones or Diamonds: Some pearl earrings incorporate gemstones like diamonds, sapphires, or other precious or semi-precious stones to add extra sparkle or color.

4. Hooks or Stud Backings: The mechanisms for securing pearl earrings to the ears can vary. Some earrings use hooks, while others use stud backings. These components are typically made of the same metal as the earring setting.

5. Earring Backs: Earring backs, such as push-backs or screw-backs, keep the earrings securely in place. These are often made of metal for durability and comfort.

6. Decorative Elements: Depending on the design, pearl earrings may incorporate decorative elements such as filigree, engraving, or small metal designs to enhance the overall appearance.

7. Faux or Synthetic Pearls: In some cases, imitation or synthetic pearls made from materials like glass, plastic, or resin may be used in place of real pearls. These materials can offer a more budget-friendly alternative.